As researchers learn more about the mechanism of HIV and how it persists in the body even after antiretroviral therapy is done, scientists are increasingly optimistic towards HIV cure.  They say that HIV cure can and will be found. However, most research is still in quite early stages of development, and there are a number of hindrances including the safety of many presently proposed techniques. Those must be overcome. While antiretroviral therapy has really improved the health and quality of life of people who are HIV affected, it cannot cure HIV. Because of this, patients must take antiretrovirals for life. Now newer anti-HIV drugs have fewer side effects than older ones. Its lifetime use can still take a toll on the health of the patient. If you use some drug for a long time then there can be some long-term complications such as increased risk of heart disease.

In addition, it can be hard to firmly adhere to the medications for so long, even though non-adherence can mean HIV jump back, drug resistance, and disease development. The researchers are also conscious of HIV reservoirs.

Instead, scientists are increasingly giving importance to the question of how HIV can be cured, or at least put into long-term or permanent remission without antiretrovirals. There are two strategies presently being investigated to HIV cure these are sterilizing cures and functional HIV cure. The sterilizing cure method aims to eliminate all HIV-infected cells, completely purging HIV from the body. A functional cure aims for a lessening state and long-term control of HIV, including low viral loads in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. The only existing example of a sterilizing cure is from a case of a man with HIV who had acute myeloid leukemia, which is a form of cancer that starts in the bone marrow. One natural example of a functional HIV cure can be found in elite controllers. Elite controllers also have a notably smaller amount of latent HIV in their cells where HIV lies inactive. In most people with HIV, it will reactivate if antiretroviral therapy is stopped. Latent HIV is a major obstruction to curing HIV.

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